**EU Enacts Sweeping Regulations Targeting Big Tech Companies**
**Introduction**
In a significant move aimed at curbing the dominance of tech giants, the European Union (EU) has implemented a comprehensive set of regulations known as the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the Digital Services Act (DSA). These rules, which took effect on November 1, 2023, are designed to promote fair competition, protect consumer rights, and address the societal challenges posed by digital platforms.
**Key Provisions of the DMA and DSA**
**1. Gatekeeper Designation and Obligations:**
The DMA identifies companies that meet specific criteria, such as having a large number of active users or a substantial revenue threshold, as .
